ArticleCalifornia Management Review

Friedman @50: Is It Still the Social Responsibility of Business to Increase Profits?

This paper reflects on Friedman’s famous claim that American business should solely be driven to increase profits. Oxford Professor Karthik Ramanna homes in on the qualifying clause of Friedman’s argument—that markets need non-market institutions to safeguard the conditions for competition—and that if corporations have influence in shaping the market, then it is not free. The report argues that corporate influence on the political landscape has tilted in their favor, often at the expense of the public sphere.

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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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ArticleHarvard Business Review

Strine and Lund argue that political spending hurts shareholder interests because it increases risks, is not transparent, and correlates with lower financial performance. They make the case that companies should either end all spending, obtain shareholder consent, or limit expenditures to PACs (which are strictly voluntary and have mandated disclosure).

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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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ReportEuropean Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG)

ESRS G1 sets mandatory disclosure requirements on business conduct, covering corporate culture, supplier relationships, anti-corruption and bribery, whistleblower protection, political influence and lobbying, and payment practices, especially toward SMEs. It links governance and conduct to impact, risk, and opportunity management, making companies explain how business behavior supports transparent, sustainable practices for all stakeholders. 

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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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ReportBeneficial State Foundation

The Equitable Bank Standards define a comprehensive framework for banks across five areas: governance, lending and investments, products and services, operational practices, and corporate citizenship. They lay out concrete standards for maximizing positive social and environmental impact while minimizing harm, guiding bankers, regulators, advocates, and customers in assessing whether finance advances equity and community well-being.

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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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VideoCorporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
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ArticleChatham House

Using the exodus of companies from Russia due to the war against Ukraine, Bennett argues that, with influential economic power worldwide, multinational companies should consider a new geopolitical corporate responsibility to help support international rules-based order when it is under stress or faces challenges. He explains that this order defines the international community in which nations should respect individual sovereignty and obey the law. 

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ReportFCLTGlobal and EY

This brief provides a practical conversation guide for boards and executives to understand, assess, and act on geopolitical risk. Using a “scan–focus–act” framework, it offers structured questions on stakeholder impacts, long-term strategy, enterprise risk management, and governance changes. It reframes geopolitics as a manageable, board-level responsibility central to resilience and long-term value creation.

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The article maps out a non-partisan, principled conception of good corporate citizenship drawing on shared assumptions of the right and the left about the place of corporations in our society and the realities of corporate governance. That conception concentrates on how corporations’ own conduct affects the best interests of their stockholders, workers, communities of operation, consumers, taxpayers, and the environment. 

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WebsiteThe Hoover Institute

This initiative explores how clear, stable legal systems support freedom, innovation, and economic growth—laying the groundwork for healthy markets and democratic institutions.

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